Cerebral Palsy
Qué es la parálisis cerebral infantil
Cerebral palsy in children is a non-progressive neurological disorder that affects movement, posture, and coordination, caused by an injury to the developing brain, usually occurring before, during, or shortly after birth.
Although the brain injury itself does not worsen over time, the child’s physical and functional needs may change as they grow. Therefore, it is essential to have appropriate support and adaptations at every stage of development.
Types of cerebral palsy
Spastic cerebral palsy
It is the most common form of cerebral palsy. It is characterized by increased muscle tone (stiffness), which makes voluntary movement more difficult.- Progression: neurologically stable, but there is a risk of musculoskeletal deformities if early intervention is not provided.
Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Involuntary, slow or sudden movements predominate, affecting postural control and coordination.- Progression: variable; it requires highly personalized seating and postural control solutions.
Ataxic cerebral palsy
It mainly affects balance and coordination.- Progression: it often allows greater mobility, but with difficulties in movement precision.
Mixed cerebral palsy
It combines characteristics of more than one type of cerebral palsy (for example, spasticity and involuntary movements).- Progression: complex; it requires a multidisciplinary approach and customized solutions.
Main needs of children with cerebral palsy
Early stage (early childhood)
Common needs:- Difficulty with head and postural control
- Delays in motor development
- Early seating systems
- Soft orthoses and positioning aids
- Early stimulation and physiotherapy
- Professional guidance
- Emotional support
- Adaptation of the home environment
Childhood and school stage
Common needs:- Difficulty walking or standing
- Spasticity and contractures
- Need for support to promote independence
- Custom-made orthoses (AFO, DAFO, splints)
- Pediatric wheelchairs
- Standing systems
- Aids for school and transportation
- School integration
- Accessibility in the educational environment
- Coordination with therapists and educational centres
Adolescence
Common needs:- Postural changes associated with growth
- Increased weight and height
- Need to maintain social participation
- Renewal of seating systems
- Wheelchairs adapted to growth
- Solutions for transfers and daily care
- Promotion of independence
- Support for families during the transition to adulthood
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Enlaces de interés
Bibliografía
- Sociedad Española de Neurología. (2023). Guía para el manejo de la esclerosis múltiple.
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society. (s. f.). Clinical care.
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2024). Multiple sclerosis in adults: management. NICE guideline NG220.
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- ClinicalTrials.gov. (s. f.). Multiple Sclerosis — Clinical Trials.
- Bristol-Myers Squibb España. (2024). Libro blanco de la esclerosis múltiple.
- Frontiers in Neurology. (s. f.). Multiple sclerosis and neuroimmunology.
Ayudas públicas
Soluciones de movilidad
Adaptación del hogar
Sedestación y confort
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